Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of the menstrual cycles and reproductive years for women and individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB). It is medically defined as occurring 12 months after the last menstrual period and signifies a permanent end to fertility. This transition does not happen overnight, as it is a gradual process that involves distinct stages. Here’s information on the three stages of menopause and their impacts:
Perimenopause
Perimenopause is the transitional period before menopause begins. This stage can start several years before the final menstrual period, often in a woman’s 40s, but it can begin earlier for some. During perimenopause, the ovaries start producing less estrogen, and this hormonal fluctuation leads to changes in the menstrual cycle. The development of other symptoms is also common during this stage.
How Can Perimenopause Impact You?
Menstrual cycles may become irregular, either longer or shorter than usual, and flow can be heavier or lighter. While fertility declines during this time, pregnancy is still possible. Perimenopause continues until the ovaries stop releasing eggs, and it officially ends one year after the last menstrual period, at which point the menopause stage begins.
When Should You Visit a Specialist?
When entering this stage of reproductive health, consult with a gynecologist if perimenopausal symptoms begin to interfere with your daily life or cause significant discomfort. If you experience irregular bleeding, extremely heavy periods, or spotting between cycles, it is key to seek medical guidance as these could indicate underlying conditions. Some other common symptoms during the perimenopausal stage include:
- Hot Flashes
- Mood Changes
- Sleep Disturbances
Menopause
Menopause refers to the point in time after a final menstrual period, usually beginning around a year after it. Once this milestone is reached, the transition to the postmenopausal stage begins. The decline in estrogen associated with this second stage can affect various aspects of health. Bone density can decrease more rapidly, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
Changes in fat distribution and metabolism may also occur, and some individuals notice shifts in skin elasticity and hair texture. The symptoms commonly associated with menopause often begin during perimenopause and may continue for some time. These can include:
- Night Sweats
- Vaginal Dryness
- Mood Changes
- Difficulty Concentrating
These changes are a natural part of the aging process, and the intensity and duration of symptoms vary from person to person. Some people experience minimal discomfort, while others find the symptoms significantly impact their daily lives.
Postmenopause
Postmenopause is the third reproductive stage. It begins 12 months after the final menstrual period and lasts for the rest of a woman’s life. During this phase, reproductive hormones like estrogen and progesterone remain at consistently low levels.
While many of the more disruptive symptoms, such as hot flashes, may lessen or disappear for some people, the health implications associated with lower estrogen levels continue. It becomes imperative to focus on bone and heart health during this time. Consistent health monitoring and lifestyle adjustments can support long-term well-being in the postmenopausal years.
Contact a Gynecologist Today
The transition through menopause is a complex and individual experience. If you are experiencing symptoms or have questions, contact a reproductive specialist for a consultation. A gynecologist can provide personalized information and guidance to help you manage your health through every stage.
