Geriatrics is the branch of medicine focused on the health and care of older adults. It aims to promote health and prevent, treat, and manage diseases and disabilities in this population. Geriatric syndromes are common health conditions in older adults that do not fit into specific disease categories. Here are some ways to recognize and manage common issues with geriatric syndromes:
Mobility Decline
Changes in mobility are a frequent concern for aging adults. A decline might manifest as unsteadiness or difficulty getting up from a chair. A reduction in physical function may result from a combination of factors, including muscle weakness, joint problems, pain, and neurological issues. Arthritis in the knees or hips can make walking painful and less steady. Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or the aftermath of a stroke often play a significant role in mobility changes.
Observing these changes early allows for timely intervention and support. Family members or caregivers may notice an older adult shuffling their feet, holding onto walls or furniture for balance, or hesitating at stairs. Home modifications, like removing tripping hazards and installing grab bars in bathrooms and hallways, offer practical support.
Physical therapy programs are designed to improve strength, balance, and flexibility. Activities should be tailored to the older adult’s ability level, such as walking, chair yoga, or tai chi, to motivate ongoing participation. These routines help maintain physical function, and addressing mobility decline lowers the likelihood of falls or injuries.
Digestive Issues
Digestive problems, such as constipation, indigestion, or difficulty swallowing, often affect older adults. These issues may arise from age-related changes in the digestive tract, medication side effects, or underlying medical conditions. A slower metabolism and reduced physical activity also affect how the digestive system functions. Medications for pain or high blood pressure often affect digestion, while medical problems like diabetes change how the gut works.
Practical steps and attentive observation help reduce discomfort. Keeping a food diary to track symptoms and identify potential trigger foods is a useful strategy. Noting when symptoms appear and which foods are involved makes it easier to identify patterns. A diet rich in fiber, along with adequate fluid intake, promotes regular bowel movements. Small, frequent meals may be easier to digest than large ones, reducing the risk of heartburn or feeling overly full. When swallowing is a concern, a geriatrics specialist can suggest modifications to food texture or meal preparation to increase safety.
Medication Mismanagement
As people age, they often manage multiple health conditions that require several medications. Polypharmacy, the use of multiple drugs, increases the risk of adverse drug reactions and interactions. Forgetting to take medications, taking the wrong dose, or taking them at the wrong time are common challenges. Cognitive changes or complex medication schedules can contribute to these difficulties. Some management options include:
- Using a pill organizer sorted by day and time to prevent missed or double doses
- Setting phone alarms to add another layer of support
- Keeping an updated list of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements
- Completing regular medication reviews with a doctor to identify and discontinue unnecessary prescriptions and adjust dosages
Visit a Geriatrics Specialist
Common syndromes associated with aging often have multiple underlying causes, making a comprehensive approach to care beneficial. A specialist in geriatrics is trained to assess the complex health needs of older adults. They look for ways to support daily functioning, comfort, and safety. To develop a strategy for your health or a loved one’s health, schedule an appointment with a geriatrics specialist today.
